![]() ![]() Seven years later in 1935, Bergstrom and Jorpes discovered glucosamine (GlcN) as the second sugar component in heparin (Jorpes and Bergström 1936). In 1928, Howell identified uronic acid as one sugar component in heparin. It was called heparin (Greek hepar-liver) (McLean 1959 Marcum 1997). The discovery of heparin took place in 1916 when Jay McLean and William Howell isolated a glycosaminoglycan from liver tissues that inhibited blood coagulation. Moreover, the usage of other chromatographic systems mimetic the heparin effect is reviewed. Thereby, alternatives for the provision of heparin such as chemical synthesized heparin, chemoenzymatic heparin, and bioengineered heparin are discussed. This review examines strategies to avoid these disadvantages. Hence, adequate alternatives to animal-derived components are needed. Therefore, they are liable to strict quality controls and the validation of effective good manufacturing practice (GMP) implementation. Animal-based components carry the risk of contamination. While effective, it is disadvantageous that heparin is an animal-derived material. ![]() Diverse recombinant proteins can be successfully purified by this method. This review focuses on the heparin affinity chromatography. An understanding of the heparin-protein interactions at the molecular level is not only advantageous in the therapeutic application but also in biotechnological application of heparin for downstreaming. This review gives a general overview of specific patterns and functional groups which are involved in the heparin-protein binding. To date, the structural heparin-protein interactions are not completely understood. Heparin’s activities are associated with its interaction to various proteins. These properties are employed in several therapeutic drugs. The major biological purpose is the inhibition of the coagulation cascade to maintain the blood flow in the vasculature. It is involved in various important biological activities. Heparin is a highly sulfated polysaccharide which belongs to the family of glycosaminoglycans. ![]()
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